BREUER, JOHANN GEORG (Germ.). Medallist, Mint-master, and Engraver at Brunswick, 1675-1685 . Among his best medals, that on the Death of John George II. of Saxony and another with the portrait of General von Rabenhaupt certainly display a talent above the average. Breuer worked for the Dukes of Brunswick and Saxe-Weissenfels; he also resided for some time in Sweden and while there cut a number of medals illustrating the reign of Charles XI. His coin issues are generally signed J. G. B. In the Reimmann Collection there was a medal by this artist, of 1667, of Rudolf August and Anton Ulrich of Brunswick, signed BREVER, and others, of 1676, on the Death of Augustus Frederick, eldest son of Anton Ulrich, and 1695, on the Death of Christina Sophia, Consort of Augustus William. Dr Erbstein (Erörterungen auf dem Gebiete der sächsischen Münz- und Medaillen-Geschichte) mentions one commemorating the alliance between Brunswick and Saxony, 1678, and another with portrait of Duke Augustus of Saxony, signed I. G. B., 1673. Breuer signed his productions, B., BR., G. B, or I. G. B., and sometimes BREVER in full. He worked for the city of Brunswick, as well as for Duke Rudolph Augustus of Brunswick ; coins of this prince and his brother Anton Ulrich were engraved by him as late as 1684; medals also exist of them by this artist, some dated as early as 1667, and one of Duke Augustus Frederick, who died during the siege of Philippsburg, 22. August 1676. Breuer also worked for Duke Augustus, Administrator of the Chapter of Magdeburg, Dukes Julius Francis of Saxe- Lauenburg, Christian Albert of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Gustavus Adolphus of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, &c. He was still living in 1695, when he was residing at Altona. His later coins and medals were executed for the Kings of Denmark and Sweden, the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg, Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Kurland, &c. — Breuer further engraved Portrait-medals of Magn. Gabr. de la Gardie († 1686); — Gust. Otto Stenbock († 1685); — Carl Gustav Wrangel († 1676) ; — Gustav Bonde, and others. Hildebrand (Sveriges och Svenska Konungahusets Minnespenningar, Stockholm, 1874) describes the following medals by J. G. Breuer : Queen Christina; — Charles Gustavus, R. NATVRA HOC DEBVIT VNI (2 types) ; — Queen Hedwig Eleonora ( 4 var.) ; — Charles XI, 1665 (3 var.), 1666 (10 var.); — War between Sweden and Denmark, 1676 (3 types); — Maria Euphrosina, sister of Charles Gustavus, Souvenir Medal. According to Nagler, there would have been two Medallists of the name of Breuer, but I believe the Brunswick artist to be the same as the one who worked for and in Sweden. Bibliography. — Bolzenthal, op. cit.
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
Mint master:
In medieval and early modern Germany, the Münzmeister ("mint master", the Latin term is monetarius) was the director or administrator of a mint, a moneyer with responsibility for the minting of coins, or specie. His duties were defined differently at different locations and ages.
BONT, CORNEILLE DE
BONT, CORNEILLE DE (Belg.). Goldsmith and Seal-engraver, one of the cleverest artists of his time. He was born at Breda, and left that city in 1470, for Ghent, where he resided until 1504. A contemporary poet, Jean Lemaire, quotes him in the Couronne margaritique : Approche-toy, orfévre du due Charles, Gentil Gantois, Corneille, trés habile. It is more or less certain that he worked for Charles the Bold, but his best productions are the seals he cut for Mary of Burgundy, 1476, Maximilian and Mar...
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BONT, CORNEILLE DE (Belg.). Goldsmith and Seal-engraver, one of the cleverest artists of his time. He was born at Breda, and left that city in 1470, for Ghent, where he resided until 1504. A contemporary poet, Jean Lemaire, quotes him in the Couronne margaritique : Approche-toy, orfévre du due Charles, Gentil Gantois, Corneille, trés habile. It is more or less certain that he worked for Charles the Bold, but his best productions are the seals he cut for Mary of Burgundy, 1476, Maximilian and Mar...
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BONZAGNA, GIAN FEDERIGO
BONZAGNA, GIAN FEDERIGO (ltal.). This celebrated Medallist of the second half of the sixteenth century is better known as Frederick of Parma, or Federigo Parmense. He cut a number of fine medals : Cardinal Cesi (2 var.) ; — Count Gianbattista Collalto ; — Cardinal Ippolito II. d'Este (2 var.) ; — Pierluigi Farnese, first Duke of Parma (4 var.) ; — Cardinal Alessandro Farnese ; — Ottavio Farnese, second Duke of Parma (4 var.) ; — Pope Paul III. (6 var.) ; — Pope Paul IV. (4 var.); — Pope Pius IV...
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BONZAGNA, GIAN FEDERIGO (ltal.). This celebrated Medallist of the second half of the sixteenth century is better known as Frederick of Parma, or Federigo Parmense. He cut a number of fine medals : Cardinal Cesi (2 var.) ; — Count Gianbattista Collalto ; — Cardinal Ippolito II. d'Este (2 var.) ; — Pierluigi Farnese, first Duke of Parma (4 var.) ; — Cardinal Alessandro Farnese ; — Ottavio Farnese, second Duke of Parma (4 var.) ; — Pope Paul III. (6 var.) ; — Pope Paul IV. (4 var.); — Pope Pius IV...
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BONZAGNA, GIANGIACOMO
BONZAGNA, GIANGIACOMO (Ital.). Brother of Federigo Parmense, Goldsmith, Coin-engraver and Medallist of Parma, born in 1508, died in 1565. In 1546 he was elected Engraver for life of the coins at the Papal Mint, and he worked principally for Pope Paul III. He cut seals for Papal Bulls, and Aenea Vico mentions that in imitating antique medals he was unsurpassed by any of his rivals (Anliquorum numismatum imitator excellentissimus). It is difficult to attribute his works, as he left no mark or sign...
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BONZAGNA, GIANGIACOMO (Ital.). Brother of Federigo Parmense, Goldsmith, Coin-engraver and Medallist of Parma, born in 1508, died in 1565. In 1546 he was elected Engraver for life of the coins at the Papal Mint, and he worked principally for Pope Paul III. He cut seals for Papal Bulls, and Aenea Vico mentions that in imitating antique medals he was unsurpassed by any of his rivals (Anliquorum numismatum imitator excellentissimus). It is difficult to attribute his works, as he left no mark or sign...
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BOOTH, LAWRENCE
BOOTH, LAWRENCE (Brit.). Bishop of Durham, received in 1473 from Edward IV. by letters patent a license to coin Halfpennies. “The grant stated that Laurence the present bishop, and his predecessors, had, from time immemorial, enjoyed the privilege of coining money of sterlings ; that the king had been informed that the said bishop, not regarding the royal displeasure, intended to coin halfpennies within the liberty of Durham, although he had never coined money of that kind before; that notwiths...
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BOOTH, LAWRENCE (Brit.). Bishop of Durham, received in 1473 from Edward IV. by letters patent a license to coin Halfpennies. “The grant stated that Laurence the present bishop, and his predecessors, had, from time immemorial, enjoyed the privilege of coining money of sterlings ; that the king had been informed that the said bishop, not regarding the royal displeasure, intended to coin halfpennies within the liberty of Durham, although he had never coined money of that kind before; that notwiths...
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