DUPRÉ, AUGUSTIN (French). Goldsmith, Medallist, and Engravergeneral of the Coins under the First French Republic. He was born on the 6th of October, 1748, at St-Etienne, where he entered, quite young, the manufactory of arms, devoting his leisure hours to the study of chasing and sculpture. At the age of twenty, he left his native town and came to Paris, after making a short stay at Lyons. In the capital, he first worked for an armourer, and obtaining the patronage of the Spanish Ambassador, started business on his own account. From that time, the fortune of the young artist was on the ascent ; orders poured in upon him for all kinds of work, especially jewels, articles of plate, ornaments, &c. A brooch, now in the Musée des Arts décoratifs at Paris, "The Awakening of Love, " and representing two female figures timidly bending over Cupid asleep, is an exquisite piece of work. His compositions for the inkstand of Marie- Louise are well known, and exhibit, at twenty years' distance, the same refined conception and delicate workmanship. But the artist has won his greatest title to fame as a Medallist and Coin-engraver. From the 11th July, 1791, to the 12th of March. 1803, Dupré filled the office of Engraver-general of the French coins ; he had been elected by the National Assembly and was dismissed by decree of the First Consul. He died at the age of 85 on the 30th of January, 1833, at Armentiéres. There are Portraitmedallions of him by David d'Angers, 1832, and Jaley, 1833. Dupré's principal works are : Jetons and Medals. — 1776. Hercules. Jetons for the ten Corporations of Merchants; — 1782. Subterranean Junction of the Escaut and Somme; — 1783. Libertas Americana; — 1784. Bailli de Suffren; — 1784-86. Benjamin Franklin; — 1786. Discovery of Gold Mines at Allemont ; — 1787. Nathanael Green; — 1788. Des Gallois de Latour; — 1789. Daniel Morgan; — 1789. John Paul Jones; — 1789. Establishment of the Paris Mayoralty; — 1789. The Laborious Husbandman ; — 1789. Prize Medal for Agriculture; — 1790. The King's Oath; — 1790. Pacte fédératif; — 1791 .Mente Manuque; — 1791. Acceptation of the Constitution; 1792. Diplomatic Medal; — 1793. Taking of Oath to the Constitution of 1793 ; — 1793 . Regeneration of France; — 1793. Arch of the Constitution ; — 1794. Triumph of the Convention; — 1794. Chalier; — 1796. Confidence restores Commerce; — 1801. Egypt delivered (Mudie's N. S., R. N° 9); — 1802. Lavoisier; — 1803. Erection of the Statue to Joan of Arc at Orleans; — 1805. Minerva teaching Youth ; — 1805. The Celtic Academy; — 1810. Aesculapius; — Baron Dr Jean Nicolas de Corisart, Paris; — Quarantine Hospital, Marseilles. Dupré engraved several medallic portraits of Louis XVI. and Napoleon, in profile. Coins. — 1791-93, 30 and 15 Sol pieces, in silver, obv. Head of Louis XVI. R. Genius of Laws; — 1791-93. Double Sols, Six and Three Denier pieces in copper or bell-metal, obv. Bust of Louis XVI. R. Fasces within oak-wreath; — 1792-93. Twentyfour Livre pieces in gold, Three, and Six Livres in silver, obv. Head of Louis XVI. R. Genius of Laws; — 1793-94. Twentyfour Livres in gold, and Six Livres in silver, obv. Oak-wreath R. Genius of Laws; — 1793. Two, One, and Half Sol-pieces, in copper or bell-metal, obv. Table of the Laws R. Scales within oakwreath; — 1793. Pattern for 5 Décimes, in copper, obv. Regeneration of France R. Wreath of oak and olive; — 1793 . Pattern Décime in copper, obv. Constitutional Arch R. Wreath of oak and olive; — 1795. Pattern 5 Centimes, in copper, obv. Altar of Equality R. 5 CENTIM.L'AN 3 ; — 1795 . Pattern 10 Centimes, in copper, obv. Fasces and club R. 10 CENTIMES. L'AN 3 ; — 1796-1803. Two and One Decime pieces, Five Centimes and one Decime, in copper, obv. Bust of Liberty (modelled after a bust of Mme Récamier) R. Oak-wreath (5 centimes, illustrated); — 1795-1803. Five Francs, in silver, obv. Hercules presiding over the Union of Liberty and Equality R. Wreath of oak and olive; — 1798- 1803. One Centime, in copper, obv. Bust of Liberty R. Small figure standing, and Gallic cock. Dupré's design have been revived for the coinages of the Second and Third Republics. Private Coins issued by Monneron fréres. — 1791-92, Médaille de confiance of Five Sols, in copper, Pacte Fédératif ; — 1791-92. Pattern in silver or bronze, Hercules endeavouring to break the fasces. A law of 1793 abolished the striking and legal tender of these private issues. Bas-reliefs. — 1782. Subterranean Junction of the rivers Escaut and Somme ; — 1785. Allegorical composition to commemorate the birth of the Duke of Normandy; — Study; — 1789. Battle of Cowpens; — 1791. America welcoming Mercury, god of Commerce ; — Genius of Laws ; — Minerva distributing wreaths ; — Federative Compact; — 1796. Confidence restores Commerce; — 1800. Battle of the Pyramids ; — Battle of Aboukir; — 1804. Peace with England; — Universal Peace ; — Re-establishment of Public Worship ; — Milo of Croton ; — Napoleon forgives General Melas; — 1808. Homage to Raphael; — 1776-1810. Portraitmedallions of various famous persons. Seals and Stamps. — Seal of Benjamin Franklin, 1778, &c. Stamps for Assignats and Official Papers. An II. Hercules ; — An III. Hercules presiding at the Union of Liberty and Equality (for the Assignat of 1.000 Livres) ; — An III. Peace to the Nations, War to Tyrants (for the Assignats of 100 Livres); — An III. Hercules leaning on club holds in his hand Liberty and Equality. Drawings. — Sketches and Studies for various works of armour and plate ; — Pattern Notes for the Caisse des Comptes courants ; — Hercules trying to break the fasces; — Portrait of Benjamin Franklin; — Sketch of the Genius on the Franklin medal; — Establishment of the Paris Mayoralty; — Revolution of the 10th of August ; — Triumph of the Convention ; — Peace to the Nations, War to the Tyrants; — Hercules, leaning on sphinx, holds in his hand Liberty and Equality; — Battle of the Pyramids ; — Battle of Aboukir ; — Peace of Amiens; — Diana and Calisto ; — Re-establishment of Public Worship ; — Celtic Academy, &c. M. Saulnier sums up in a clever manner the work of the great French artist : " Augustin Dupré, simple ouvrier orfévre, puis graveur en médailles, arrivait á peine á la notoriété quand la Révolution éclata. Nul plus que cet affranchi de la veille á qui le régime nouveau allait assurer les honneurs, la fortune, la célébrité, n'était apte á la glorifier, á la commenter dans de symboliques compositions. Esprit ingénieux et enthousiaste, trés francais, assez épris d'antique pour vouloir la véritable pureté, mais non g?né par cette fausse éducation qui retarde l'éclosion de la personnalité, la dévoie, ainsi qu'il arriva pour Louis David, l'observateur profond de la Mort de Marat, de la Cérémonie du Sacre, des portraits, qui, cependant, perdit tant de temps á peindre une antiquité conventionnelle, Augustin Dupré, avec ses facultés d'invention, son sentiment de l'élégance, son respect de la vérité, devait ?tre le plus parfait interpréte des idées ambiantes : il allait les traduire en « rev?tant d'amabilité le symbolisme révolutionnaire ». Par l'expression et la distinction, ces qualités natives des portraitistes de notre race, le médailleur révolutionnaire s'apparente aux premiers maîtres de la médaille francaise : á l'anonyme de la série des Valois, á Guillaume et á Abraham Dupré. " Writing in the Revue de Paris (May 1899) on " La Renaissance de la Médaille, " M. Georges Lecomte adds another tribute of praise to the memory of the great artist : " La Révolution trouva en Augustin Dupré son médailleur. Celui-lá avait également appris son art dans une manufacture d'armes. C'était un virtuose de la ciselure. Il e?t excellé dans les jolis travaux qu' exigeait la société ancienne. Mais le grand souffle de la liberté l'émut. II vibra, il comprit. Sa vision et sa maniére s'agrandirent. La Révolution lui doit ses médailles les plus expressives, ses monnaies les plus belles. Augustin Dupré qui, déjá dans sa fameuse Libertas Americana, avait été puissamment inspiré par la beauté grisante du sujet, sut traduire avec maîtrise les heures les plus ardentes de la Révolution. Sa médaille du Parte fédératif, qui devint plus tard la piéce de cinq sols des fréres Monneron, montre en admirables formes (encore qu'un peu XVIIIe siécle) l'enthousiasme d'un peuple. " In Revue de I'Art (June 1900), M. André Hallays writes : « Augustin Dupré est le créateur de la médaille moderne. II est un véritable artiste du XVIIIe siécle, et il pratique l'art souple, familier et gracieux de son temps. II est en plein dans la tradition francaise : il est réaliste, dans la mesure oú les strictes conventions de son art lui permettent le réalisme; il a le sens inné de l'élégance, sans miévrerie comme sans emphase, et lorsque le spectacle de la Révolution surexcitera son génie, il saura au besoin créer des oeuvres d'une robuste et forte sobriété (Considérez le reversde nos écus de cinq francs) ; il a le go?t de la mythologie, mais d'une mythologie renouvelée, et tout imprégnée du sentiment moderne, á la maniére de Prud'hon. II est á la fois un portraitiste (Franklin, Lavoisier, Louis XVIII) et presque un paysagiste (la Bataille de Cowpens, la Flotte du comte d'Estaing), car c' est lui qui, rompant avec la tradition antique, a introduit le pittoresque dans l'art de la médaille ... On est surpris, quand on considére des médailles de Dupré, de sentir son art si voisin du nôtre; les maîtres de la seconde moitié du XIXe siécle ont trouvé en lui leur initiateur. Mais, pour revenir á Dupré, il leur a fallu se défendre contre d'autres souvenirs moins lointains, et réagir contre l'académisme qui, durant prés d'un demisiécle, pesa sur la gravure en médailles, peut-?tre plus lourdement encore que sur la peinture et la sculpture. « Dans les derniéres années du XVIIIe siécle, on peut encore signaler quelques médailles qui, sans avoir le merite de celles de Dupré sont pleines de vie, comme l' Arrivée du Roi á Paris, de Duvivier, ou bien cette admirable médaille du 4 ao?t de Gatteaux : l'Abandon de tous les priviléges, dont l'ordonnance est si belle et oú les attitudes sont si variées. Mais la tradition est brusquement rompue dans les derniéres années de la Révolution. Dupré, pour représenter la Liberté, s'inspirait de la moderne beauté dé Mme Récamier. Ses rivaux et ses successeurs vont, á l'inverse, chercher leur inspiration dans les médailles et les statues antiques, pour exprimer les idées et commémorer les événements de leur époque; en m?me temps, infidéle aux lecons des maîtres ingénieux et élégants du XVIIIe siécle, leur art se raidit et s'alourdit. Comme André Chénier — avec lequel on lui découvre tant d'affinités de go?t et de génie, — Dupré avait toujours des « pensers modernes ». A côté de lui, aprés lui, la mode est de se faire une âme romaine. « C'est alors le régne victorieux de Louis David; e'est le grand carnaval gréco-romain du Premier Empire. Dupré doit quitter la charge de « graveur general des monnaies ». Son Bonaparte, e'est encore le petit Corse aux cheveux plats. D'autres seront chargés de « césariser » á la facon romaine, la figure du consul, puis de l'empereur. » Bibliography. — Charles Saulnier, Augustin Dupré, Paris, 1894. — R. Marx, Les Médailleurs francais, Paris, 1897. — Charles Blanc, Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages d' Augustin Dupré, Paris, 1870. — W. S. Appleton, Augustin Dupré and his work for America, Cambridge, 1890. — Dr F. P. Weber, op. cit.
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
DIXON, ROGER
DIXON, ROGER (Brit.). A. Birmingham Die-sinker of the end of the eighteenth century. He engraved numerous tokens, amongst which it may be worth while mentioning the following, which exhibit very creditable work : Beccles, 1795 ; — Birmingham Overseers, 1788 ; — Rackham, Bury; — C. Guest, Bury, 1795 ; — B. I. V. Co, Burnt Island, 1797; — J. Matthews, Canterbury, 1794; — A. Simpson, Chesham, 1795; — T. Horn, Cinque Ports (2 var.); — H. Boorman, East Grinstead, 1795 ; — J. Grow, Feversham, 1794; — ...
[ More about DIXON, ROGER ]
DIXON, ROGER (Brit.). A. Birmingham Die-sinker of the end of the eighteenth century. He engraved numerous tokens, amongst which it may be worth while mentioning the following, which exhibit very creditable work : Beccles, 1795 ; — Birmingham Overseers, 1788 ; — Rackham, Bury; — C. Guest, Bury, 1795 ; — B. I. V. Co, Burnt Island, 1797; — J. Matthews, Canterbury, 1794; — A. Simpson, Chesham, 1795; — T. Horn, Cinque Ports (2 var.); — H. Boorman, East Grinstead, 1795 ; — J. Grow, Feversham, 1794; — ...
[ More about DIXON, ROGER ]
DOBICHT
DOBICHT (Germ.). Bookbinder, then Die-sinker at Neuwied, in the service of the Counts of Wied-Neuwied, 1750-1756. His name occurs again in 1780. The medals by this attist mostly refer to the history of Kurfürst Johann Philipp of Treves; he is also the author of a Marriage medal of Count Philipp von der Lippe, 1780. I have seen his signature, D., on a medal of Charles William Frederick of Brandenburg, 1750. — Mining Thaler of same year. — Medal of Count Wied, 1752, &c. Bibliography. — Bolzenthal,...
[ More about DOBICHT ]
DOBICHT (Germ.). Bookbinder, then Die-sinker at Neuwied, in the service of the Counts of Wied-Neuwied, 1750-1756. His name occurs again in 1780. The medals by this attist mostly refer to the history of Kurfürst Johann Philipp of Treves; he is also the author of a Marriage medal of Count Philipp von der Lippe, 1780. I have seen his signature, D., on a medal of Charles William Frederick of Brandenburg, 1750. — Mining Thaler of same year. — Medal of Count Wied, 1752, &c. Bibliography. — Bolzenthal,...
[ More about DOBICHT ]
DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND
DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (Germ.). A Nuremberg Medallist of the end of the seventeenth century. He engraved a number of medals, and also some of the artistic Thalers of Nuremberg, on which the Rathhaus is depicted. In the Reimmann sale there was a specimen of this coin bearing the letters P. H. M., initials of the engraver Philipp Heinrich Müller, who apparently also cut dies for the same coinage. Dodder, the elder, was still living in 1688, as we learn from contemporary documents. Bibliography. ...
[ More about DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND ]
DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (Germ.). A Nuremberg Medallist of the end of the seventeenth century. He engraved a number of medals, and also some of the artistic Thalers of Nuremberg, on which the Rathhaus is depicted. In the Reimmann sale there was a specimen of this coin bearing the letters P. H. M., initials of the engraver Philipp Heinrich Müller, who apparently also cut dies for the same coinage. Dodder, the elder, was still living in 1688, as we learn from contemporary documents. Bibliography. ...
[ More about DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND ]
DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (2.)
DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (Germ.). Son of the last ; also a Nuremberg Medallist of the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth, centuries. He died after 1730, as coins exist of that year, engraved by him, commemorating the centenary of the Augsburg Confession. There is a coronation medal of Charles VI., 1711, by him, and a commemorative piece of the canonization of Johann Nepomuk, 1729-1736. The former is signed S. D. S. Bibliography. — Bolzenthal, op. cit. — Ad. Hess Nachf., Reimm...
[ More about DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (2.) ]
DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (Germ.). Son of the last ; also a Nuremberg Medallist of the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth, centuries. He died after 1730, as coins exist of that year, engraved by him, commemorating the centenary of the Augsburg Confession. There is a coronation medal of Charles VI., 1711, by him, and a commemorative piece of the canonization of Johann Nepomuk, 1729-1736. The former is signed S. D. S. Bibliography. — Bolzenthal, op. cit. — Ad. Hess Nachf., Reimm...
[ More about DOCKLER, DANIEL SIEGMUND (2.) ]