HADLEY, ROBERT DE (Brit.). Moneyer of St. Edmundsbury in 1280, under Edward I. On Pennies issued by him we find his name : ROBERT DE HADELEIE and also : ROBERTVS DE HADL. " This is the last instance of a moneyer's name forming the legend upon any English coin ". I have not included in my List of Engravers, Mint-masters, &c, the names of Anglo-Saxon, Merovingian, etc. Moneyers, in order to avoid overcrowding, but there is no doubt that many of these Moneyers, if not most of them, themselves engraved the dies of the coins which they issued. On p. 498, Vol. I, I have said a few words about the Merovingian moneyer Abbo, who also worked in England, and have given there an illustration of a " Coiner at work", from a reproduction in Robertson's, Coins of Scotland. I only wish to add a few remarks on this subject. The monetarius (mynetere) first received official recognition in England with the introduction of the Penny, circ. A.D.760, and, observes Mr. Keary in Brit. Mus. Catalogue, Anglo-Saxon Series, Vol. I, Int. xxxiii, " the earliest mention of the mynetere is in the laws of Aethelstan, where it is ordained that the guilty moneyer shall have his hand struck off and that it shall be placed over the mint smithy (uppon bâ mynetsmiddan. " From this, the writer above-named inferred " that the moneyer at this time was the actual fabricator of the coins, not an officer made responsible for them ". This supposition seems to be confirmed by the fact that occasionally the name of the moneyer is followed by the legend, " me fecit " on the coins; for instance, under the reign of Aethelstan II. (878-890) the moneyer Elda, signed his currency in this manner; likewise also the moneyers Adalbert, Adradus, and Bascic on the memorial coinage of St. Eadmund. Mr Grueber in Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland, p. xxiv adds : " If this was the moneyer's position under Aethelstan, we may conclude that it had existed previously. When the change to the making of the dies at one centre was introduced, the moneyer must have ceased to be a mechanic, as there was no need ot technical skill in his office. He became now an overseer, and he was only responsible for the purity of the metal from which the coins were struck and for their proper manu facture. In Domesday we are told that for each month that the dies were in use the moneyer had to pay a fine of 20 solidi, besides the sum he had already disbursed on receiving the dies. To be responsible for so large a sum he must have been a man of some substance. Madox, in his Hist, of the Exchequer, gives a good deal of information about the moneyers during the reigns of Henry II. and III. Like the other officers of the mint he was elected by the burgesses, and it was a stipulated qualification that he should be a trusty and prudent man. It was not required that he should have any technical knowledge He was to be a person selected for his integrity, to be possessed of means, and one fully responsible for the performance of the duties of his office. He was also liable to be summoned to Westminster to take part in the assays of the coins and in the trials of the Pix, and if necessary to bring his workmen with him. His position, therefore, was a very different one from that of the moneyer, who for a dishonest act ran the risk of losing a member. As the constitution of the mint under Henry If. appears to have been the same asunder William I. and Edward the Confessor, may it not be inferred that the same conditions prevailed in the time of Aethelred II., who, judging from the nature of his coinage, first instituted the custom of having the dies engraved at one central place, and then sent for distribu- tion to all the local mints. If this were so, then the change in the status of the moneyer dates from his reign, and it continued without any material alteration so long as the office lasted ". On Merovingian coins, the name ot the mint was very often followed by fitur, fitu, fit, fi, or f, to indicate that the coin had been struck at the place inscribed on it; the name of the moneyer was accompanie by his title, Mon., Monit., etc. M. Blanchet does not agree with the supposition that the moneyer, under Merovingian times, was the engraver of the coins This however may have been the case up to a certain time, as with the Anglo-Saxons. By the nature of their profession, goldsmiths were very otten entrusted with the cutting of coin-dies. Thus, at the end of the sixth century, the clever goldsmith Abbo of Limoges was Moneyer at that locality. Bibliography. — Hawkins, op. cit. — Keary, Catalogue of English Coins. Anglo-Saxon Series, Vol. I, 1887. — Grueber, Handbook, etc. — Blanchet, Nonveau manuel de numismatique du moyen áge et moderne, Paris, 1890, p. 31. — Lenormant, Monnaies et Médailles, Paris, n. d. — Ruding, Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Ireland, II, 20, 21, 22.
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
Mint master:
In medieval and early modern Germany, the Münzmeister ("mint master", the Latin term is monetarius) was the director or administrator of a mint, a moneyer with responsibility for the minting of coins, or specie. His duties were defined differently at different locations and ages.
GRANDE, R.
GRANDE, R. (Amer.). Contemporary South American Medallist. His signature : R. GRANDE appears on the following medals : Memo- rial Medal, 1893, on the Recapture of Buenos-Ayres from the English, 1806 ; — Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Argentinian Eastern Railway, 1882 ; — Foundation of a College at Juarez, 1882; — Foundation of the School Board Buildings of the Province of Buenos-Ayres, 1883 ; — Erection of the Caridad Asylum, 1883 ; — Erection of the Ayacucho Hospital, 1884; — Inauguration of 5...
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GRANDE, R. (Amer.). Contemporary South American Medallist. His signature : R. GRANDE appears on the following medals : Memo- rial Medal, 1893, on the Recapture of Buenos-Ayres from the English, 1806 ; — Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Argentinian Eastern Railway, 1882 ; — Foundation of a College at Juarez, 1882; — Foundation of the School Board Buildings of the Province of Buenos-Ayres, 1883 ; — Erection of the Caridad Asylum, 1883 ; — Erection of the Ayacucho Hospital, 1884; — Inauguration of 5...
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GRANDCHAMP, LOCHEY DE
GRANDCHAMP, LOCHEY DE(French). 1674-1690. Coin-engraver and Medallist at Lyons, during the third quarter ot the seventeenth century. He is said to have executed several Portrait-medallions of Louis XIV. and Princes of the Royal House of France, but two only are known and both are rare. In 1674, Grandchamp was appointed Engraver at the Mint of Neufville; in 1690, he was filling a similar office at Montpellier, and later on was transferred to the Mint of Riom. The two Portrait-medallions known by ...
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GRANDCHAMP, LOCHEY DE(French). 1674-1690. Coin-engraver and Medallist at Lyons, during the third quarter ot the seventeenth century. He is said to have executed several Portrait-medallions of Louis XIV. and Princes of the Royal House of France, but two only are known and both are rare. In 1674, Grandchamp was appointed Engraver at the Mint of Neufville; in 1690, he was filling a similar office at Montpellier, and later on was transferred to the Mint of Riom. The two Portrait-medallions known by ...
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GRANGER, Mlle GENEVI?VE
GRANGER, Mlle GENEVI?VE (French). Contemporary Medallist ot exceptional abilities, born at Tulle. Pupil of Henri Dubois and Massoulle. She has exhibited at the Salons of the ''Société des Artistes Français" since 1895, and also at the Universal Exhibition of 1900. In 1899, she obtained a "Mention honorable", and in 1901 a medal of the third class. This artist's speciality is portraits, which M. Lucien Bénédite calls d'un bon esprit sobre et sérieux ". Her principal exhibits at the recent Salons ...
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GRANGER, Mlle GENEVI?VE (French). Contemporary Medallist ot exceptional abilities, born at Tulle. Pupil of Henri Dubois and Massoulle. She has exhibited at the Salons of the ''Société des Artistes Français" since 1895, and also at the Universal Exhibition of 1900. In 1899, she obtained a "Mention honorable", and in 1901 a medal of the third class. This artist's speciality is portraits, which M. Lucien Bénédite calls d'un bon esprit sobre et sérieux ". Her principal exhibits at the recent Salons ...
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GRAVE, FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE JACQUES DE
GRAVE, FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE JACQUES DE (Belg.). Vide Vol. I, p. 369. M. Gilleman has published an interesting notice of this Medallist in Revue numismatique belge, 1902, p. 518, from which I am now able to give further information about the artist. De Grave was born at Ghent on the 26th of May 1770, and died on the 9th of October 1832. In 1792 he obtained the First Prize for Drawing at the Academy of his native town. At the Salon of 1817, he made the acquaintance of Simon, whom he accompanied to B...
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GRAVE, FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE JACQUES DE (Belg.). Vide Vol. I, p. 369. M. Gilleman has published an interesting notice of this Medallist in Revue numismatique belge, 1902, p. 518, from which I am now able to give further information about the artist. De Grave was born at Ghent on the 26th of May 1770, and died on the 9th of October 1832. In 1792 he obtained the First Prize for Drawing at the Academy of his native town. At the Salon of 1817, he made the acquaintance of Simon, whom he accompanied to B...
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