Who was NEWTON, SIR ISAAC ?

NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (Brit.). A famous natural philosopher, born in Woolsthorpe, near Grantham, in Lincolnshire, 25. December 1642, died in London, 20. March, 1727; buried in Westminster Abbey. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1661, where he applied himself to the study of mathematics, becoming professor in 1669. He invented the method of fluxions, established the theory of gravitation, discovered the composition of light, &c. In 1687, encouraged by Halley, he published his "Principia". In 1695, on the recommendation of Lord Halifax, Newton was appointed Warden of the Mint by William III., and in the following year he directed the important operation of- recalling and remelting defaced and clipped currency, &c. Two years later, in 1699, he became Mint-master, a post which he held, with short interruptions, till his death. We have, from his pen, a " Report on the Gold and Silver Coin of 1717“ (Numismatic Chronicle 1849, p. 181, sqq. ; Revue de la numismatique belge, 1899, p. 439. sqq.) which is still of great interest and importance as a numismatic document. In 1724, he was called upon to report on an assay of Wood's copper coinage for Ireland. Queen Anne raised him to the peerage in 1705. Bibliography. — Kenyon, op. cit. — Ruding, op. cit.

Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904

Mint master: In medieval and early modern Germany, the Münzmeister ("mint master", the Latin term is monetarius) was the director or administrator of a mint, a moneyer with responsibility for the minting of coins, or specie. His duties were defined differently at different locations and ages.

MÜLLER, HEINRICH (2.)
MÜLLER, HEINRICH (Germ.). Mint-master at Nuremberg, 1611- 1616. He was a native of Veltkirchen, and settled at Nuremberg in 1588 as an assayer of gold and silver. On Paul Dietherr's decease, he purchased the tools from his widow, and was appointed Mintmaster by the town council. He died in 1616, and was succeeded by Hans Putzer. His daughter Margaretha married Georg Nürnberger. Bibliography. — C. F. Gebert-Nürnberg, Geschichte der Münzstätte der Reichstadt Nürnberg, 1891. — Ammon, op. cit....
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MÜLLER, HENNING
MÜLLER, HENNING (Germ.). Mint-master and Engraver at Sondershausen, for the Counts of Schwarzburg, 1675-1682, and conjointly at Ellrich from 1675 to 1678, and Gotha, 1681-1683. He was in the service of the Counts Christian Wilhelm I. and Anton Günter II., of whom he engraved medals of 1677 and 1679 (of thaler and gulden sizes resp.), and beside these he is the author of the Thaler, Gulden, Double Groschen, and Groschen on the death of Count Ludwig Gunther II. at Ebeleben, 1681. The following co...
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MÜLLER, CHRISTIAN ERNST
MÜLLER, CHRISTIAN ERNST (Germ.). Son of the famous Medallist, Philipp Heinrich Müller; born at Augsburg; resided for some time at Nuremberg, and in collaboration with his father worked for the medal-publishers F. Kleinert and L. G. Lauffer; he was also employed between 1710 and 1720 by the Salzburg mint; — later, and until 1741, he appears to have been working at Augsburg; and from 1759 to 1761, ne was Mint-warden at Oettingen. Zeller ascribes to him Portrait-Thalers, Half Thalers and Quarter Th...
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MÜLLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH
MÜLLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH (Germ.). Modeller in wax, and Medallist, who resided at Stuttgart, arc. 1670-1695. He is the author of the following medallic productions, which are all signed : JCM : Undated. Carl Ludwig von der Pfalz (illustrated) ; — 1671. Nuremberg Shooting Medal; — Undated, and 1674. Eberhard III. of Würtemberg (Binder I., 139, 145, 146); — Undated. Wilhelm Ludwig of Würtemberg ; — Undated, and 1680. Friedrich Carl of Würtemberg; — 1682. Marriage of Friedrich Carl of Würtemberg wit...
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