PAOLO, GIOVANNI (Ital.). Modeller in wax, and Medallist, of the latter end of the sixteenth century and early part of the seventeenth. His name occurs also as JEHAN or JOHAN PAULE or POL, and also PAVLVS. Some of his works are only signed : P. F. M. de la Tour has identified Giovanni Paolo with the " Johan Pol, ystallien ", who received a payment of 300 écus, from Catherine of Bourbon, sister of Henry IV., for various portraits in coloured wax (1598). The artist was in the service of the King of France, at least between 1604 and 1607, during which period he executed a Portraitmedallion of the Dauphin (Louis XIII.). In a document of 1610, he is styled " Sculpteur en bas-relief ", and in the Compte de L'Épargne of 1611, " Sculpteur en cire. " Armand has suggested his identification with Paolo Selvatico, of Modena, or Paolo Sanquirico (Journal, édit. Soulié et Barthélemy, t. I, p. 81, 158 and 267). Giovanni Paolo has signed several cast Portrait-medals : Anne, Due de Joyeuse, 1561-1587 (signed: PAVLVS F.; illustrated). This medal, which is not dated, was not modelled before the early part of the seventeenth century (Mazerolle, p. CXLI) ; — Jean Louis de Nogaret de la Valette, due d'Epernon, 1584-1642 (signed : POL. 1606.F. 55 mill.; 2 var.); — Alphonse d'Ornano, 1548-1610, marshal of France in 1596 (dated 1612; signed : POL.F.); — Francois Miron, State councillor, provost of Paris merchants, 1604-1606 (dated 1605 ; signed : P. F. ; 2 var., 49, and 56 mill.); Another, dated 1606 (2 var.); — Another, undated; R. Miron rising from chair and presenting looking glass to the City of Paris seated on curule chair (50 mill. ; not signed), &c. M. de la Tour (Giovanni Paolo, Rev. Num., 1893, pp. 259-278) has suggested the attribution to this artist of a medal of Catherine de' Medici, of several others of Saint Charles Borromaeus, as well as of the fine portraits of Jeanne d'Albret, and Catherine de Bourbon, but Mazerolle rejects his views on account of the dissimilarity of work between these medals and the authenticated ones of Giovanni Paolo. I reproduce here the Portrait-medal of Catherine de' Medici, which is very interesting, although it is unlikely that it was modelled by Giovanni Paolo. M. de la Tour makes the following comment on it : "Cette médaille prouverait ? elle seule, en dépit de toutes les flatteries, que Catherine de Médicis non seulement ne fut jamais jolie, mais qu'elle avait fini par ?tre franchement laide. Encore, notre médailleur l'a-t-il peut-?tre moins maltraitée que le délicat Primavera. Les grosses l?vres, la lourde mâchoire sont copiées d'apr?s nature ; mais ce buste est fi?rement campé, la draperie du voile est souple et belle, la facture est originale et énergique; c'est d'un naturalisme intelligent et plein d'ampleur. " Michel Paulus, a Parisian goldsmith, 1579, may have been a relative af this artist. Bibliography. — Mazerolle, Médailleurs français, 1902. — Rondot, Graveurs el Médailleurs, 1904. — H. de la Tour, Giovanni Paolo, 1893. — Armand, op. cit.
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
Source: Biographical dictionary of medallists; coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, ancient and modern, with references to their works B.C. 500-A.D. 1900; compiled by L. Forrer, London 1904
OERTEL, OTTO
OERTEL, OTTO (Germ.). Founder († 1892) of a Die-sinking Establishment at Berlin, now carried on under the style of BERLINER MEDAILLEN-MÜNZE OTTO OERTEL. This firm has a good reputation for the production of medals, and their works are organised with the most up-to-date machinery. Amongst the best productions of the Berlin Medallic Mint are : The Kaiser Wilhelm's Errinerungs Medaille (granted by the Emperor William II. for the Army and Navy); — Prize Medals and Plaquettes of the Düsseldorf Exhi...
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OERTEL, OTTO (Germ.). Founder († 1892) of a Die-sinking Establishment at Berlin, now carried on under the style of BERLINER MEDAILLEN-MÜNZE OTTO OERTEL. This firm has a good reputation for the production of medals, and their works are organised with the most up-to-date machinery. Amongst the best productions of the Berlin Medallic Mint are : The Kaiser Wilhelm's Errinerungs Medaille (granted by the Emperor William II. for the Army and Navy); — Prize Medals and Plaquettes of the Düsseldorf Exhi...
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OEXLEIN, CHRISTIAN DANIEL
OEXLEIN, CHRISTIAN DANIEL (Germ.). Mint-engraver, and Medallist, who was working at Ratisbon, circa 1712-1759. His signature occurs on undated and dated Ducats, Double Thalers, Thalers, Gulden, &c. of that city, and also on medals, in one or other of the various forms : Ö; — Ö. F.; — C. D. O. ; — C. D. OE.; — C. D. OEXL.; — C. D. ÖXLEIN, &c. Nagler and Müller give the date of his death as 1737, but this is no doubt an error as the signature : C. D. OEXL. occurs at least as late as 1745. By him...
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OEXLEIN, CHRISTIAN DANIEL (Germ.). Mint-engraver, and Medallist, who was working at Ratisbon, circa 1712-1759. His signature occurs on undated and dated Ducats, Double Thalers, Thalers, Gulden, &c. of that city, and also on medals, in one or other of the various forms : Ö; — Ö. F.; — C. D. O. ; — C. D. OE.; — C. D. OEXL.; — C. D. ÖXLEIN, &c. Nagler and Müller give the date of his death as 1737, but this is no doubt an error as the signature : C. D. OEXL. occurs at least as late as 1745. By him...
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OEXLEIN, JOHANN LEONHARD
OEXLEIN, JOHANN LEONHARD (Germ.). A celebrated Medallist, and Gem-engraver, born in 1715 at Nuremberg, died there in 1787. He first learned the principles of the art with a relative, Christian Daniel Oexlein, to whom he was apprenticed as a boy. He later perfected himself at Vienna, where he became acquainted with Bengt Richter, the Swedish Engraver, who was then working for the Imperial House, and with the Italian artist, Sennaro. In 1737, says Nagler, he was appointed Mint-master at Ratisbon,...
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OEXLEIN, JOHANN LEONHARD (Germ.). A celebrated Medallist, and Gem-engraver, born in 1715 at Nuremberg, died there in 1787. He first learned the principles of the art with a relative, Christian Daniel Oexlein, to whom he was apprenticed as a boy. He later perfected himself at Vienna, where he became acquainted with Bengt Richter, the Swedish Engraver, who was then working for the Imperial House, and with the Italian artist, Sennaro. In 1737, says Nagler, he was appointed Mint-master at Ratisbon,...
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OCHS, JOHANN RUDOLF
OCHS, JOHANN RUDOLF (Swiss). Gem-, and Coin-engraver, born at Berne in 1673, died in London in 1749 or 1750. He may have been a relative of Bernard Ochs. Under George I., he obtained employment as Assistant Mint-engraver at the Royal Mint, returning later to Switzerland, and coming back again in 1719. By profession he was a Seal-cutter, but afterwards gained reputation as an Engraver of Gems. Bibliography. — Füssli, op. cit. — Seubert, Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon. — Singer, op. cit. — Gent. Mag...
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OCHS, JOHANN RUDOLF (Swiss). Gem-, and Coin-engraver, born at Berne in 1673, died in London in 1749 or 1750. He may have been a relative of Bernard Ochs. Under George I., he obtained employment as Assistant Mint-engraver at the Royal Mint, returning later to Switzerland, and coming back again in 1719. By profession he was a Seal-cutter, but afterwards gained reputation as an Engraver of Gems. Bibliography. — Füssli, op. cit. — Seubert, Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon. — Singer, op. cit. — Gent. Mag...
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